I often notice students using awkward fingering when playing piano. There is no doubt in my mind this is a topic that interests many beginners and intermediate piano players.

Even though you may not think so, this is in fact a controversial topic.

While many people believe that proper fingering is essential when playing the piano, others feel that free-style is better.

So, let me go ahead and discuss how I feel about this issue.

First of all, everyone has different fingers in terms of length, but one common factor is that our thumbs are shorter than our other fingers.

As a rule (or rule of thumb), the thumb is the strongest finger of all. Thumb, index finger (2nd), and long finger (3rd) are the most used fingers for piano playing. The fourth finger and fifth finger are weaker fingers.

Here are some tips concerning fingering which you should certainly consider:

1. Never use the thumb to play a black key. The exceptions are a) when you are playing a piece that has all black notes. b) when you are playing a group of keys where there are black and white keys. For example if your right hand is to play Bb, D, and F together in Bb major chord root position,your thumb will play Bb (black note) in this case.

Thumbs are not meant to be used for black key because of its length.The most used fingers for black notes are the 2nd and the 3rd fingers. If you are playing certain scales that start with a black key such as Bb major, Eb major, Ab major, etc. You will use 2nd or 3rd finger to play the first scale note instead of the thumb.

2. In the event that you’re playing a piece with your right hand and you’re in a situation where some of the keys are out of reach, you should simply move your hand so that you can play the note. Of course, if the desired key is only one or two steps down from your thumb, then you can use the thumb as an anchor while are you cross your second finger over to the note in question. In this case, it wouldn’t be necessary to move to your hand, but instead, you simply move your second finger over.

You’ll notice that as soon as the second finger has played the key, the thumb will automatically follow across to play the next note to the left of the key. The best way to familiarize yourself with regards to what finger should follow, is to practice the scale regularly.

3. Same rule applies to left hand.

4. Watch other experienced pianists whenever possible, look at their fingering and imitate their movements. I suggest you watch those players who are well trained classically as they have spent many years going through the structured repertoire and virtuoso training that help built a firm foundation.

One very important factor regarding good fingering is that it helps to ensure smoothness while playing musical pieces.

When playing the work of Bach and that of other similar composers, this becomes especially important, in that disruptions can occur when there is even a slight change in fingering structure. Of course, if you’re only playing improvisational and accompaniment pieces then there’s less need for strict fingering. When I play improvisational pieces my fingering usually changes in line with my mood and the rhythm.

You’ll also notice that musical pieces which have been edited by different editors tend to have changes in terms of fingering. For example, you’ll notice different fingering suggestions for the “Sonatina” piece composed by Clementi, depending on the different editors. While some prefer to use the second finger more often, others favor the third finger instead.

In conclusion: if you are improvising, pay less attention to which finger you are using. As long as you abide by the above rules and ensure a smooth flow of musical passage, you are fine.

Remember, if you become too radical with regards to fingering, there’s a strong possibility that it will distract you enough to interfere with the flow of your music. After all, playing piano is all about conveying music, and your aim should always be to maintain a steady, smooth flow. Lastly, always make sure that the pedals are being pressed at the right time.